THE

YOGA-SYSTEM OF PATANJALI

 

Or the Ancient Hindu Doctrine of Concentration of Mind

 

EMBRACING

THE MNEMONIC RULES, CALLED YOGA-SUTRAS OF PATANJALI

AND

THE COMMENT, CALLED YOGA-BHASHYA, ATTRIBUTED TO VEDA-VYASA

AND

THE EXPLANATION, CALLED TATTVA-VAICARADI, OF VACHASPATI-MICRA

 

 

 

TRANSLATED FROM THE ORIGINAL SANSKRIT BY

 

JAMES HAUGHTON WOODS

PROFESSOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HARVARD UNIVERSITY

 

 

The Harvard University Press

1927

 

 

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

TRANSLATION OF THE YOGA-SUTRAS WITHOUT THE COMMENT OR THE EXPLANATION

being the sutras translated in groups, together with group-headings added by the translator

 

 

BOOK FIRST—CONCENTRATION

Goal of Concentration

i. 1-4.   Yoga is the concentration which restricts the fluctuations.    Freed from them, the Self attains to self-expression.

i. 1 Now the exposition of yoga [is to be made],

i. 2 Yoga is the restriction of the fluctuations of mind-stuff,

i. 3 Then the Seer [that is, the Self] abides in himself,

i. 4 At other times it [the Self] takes the same form as the fluctuations [of mind-stuff].

Forms of the mind-stuff

i. 5-11. The fluctuations are all exposed to attack from the hindrances and are five in number: 1. sources-of-valid-ideas; 2. misconceptions; 8. predicate-relations; 4. sleep; 5. memory.

i. 5 The fluctuations are of fire kinds and are hindered or unhindered,

i. 6 Sources-of-valid-ideas and misconceptions and predicate-relations and sleep and memory,

i. 7 Sources-of-valid-ideas are perception and inference and verbal-communication,

i. 8 Misconception is an erroneous idea not based on that form [in respect of which the misconception is entertained],

i. 9 The predicate-relation (vikalpa) is without any [corre­sponding perceptible] object and follows as a result of perception or of words,

i. 10 Sleep is a fluctuation of [mind-stuff] supported by the cause of the [transient] negation [of the waking and the dreaming fluctuations],

i 11 Memory is not-adding-surreptitiously to a once experienced object.

Methods of restricting fluctuations

i. 12-16. An orientation of the whole life with reference to one idea; an emotional transformation corresponding to this focused state.

i. 12 The restriction of them is by [means] of practice and passionless-ness,

i. 13 Practice is [repeated] exertion to the end that [the mind-stuff] shall have permanence in this [restricted state], i. 14 But this [practice] becomes confirmed when it has been cultivated for a long time and uninterruptedly and with earnest attention,

i. 15 Passionlessness is the consciousness of being master on the part of one who has rid himself of thirst for either seen or revealed objects,

i. 16 This [passion-lessness] is highest when discernment of the Self results in thirstlessness for qualities [and not merely for objects].

Kinds of concentration

i. 17-18.    Four kinds of conscious concentration, and the concentration of subliminal-impressions alone.

i. 17 [Concentration becomes] conscious [of its object] by assuming forms either of deliberation [upon coarse objects] or of reflection upon subtile objects or of joy or of the feeling-of-personality.

i. 18 The other [concentration which is not conscious of objects] consists of subliminal-impressions only [after objects have merged], and follows upon that practice which effects the cessation [of fluctuations].

Degrees of approach to concentration

i. 19-23.    The worldly approach; the spiritual approach; the combina­tions of methods and intensities; and the devotion to the highest Self.

i. 19 [Concentration not conscious of objects] caused by worldly [means] is the one to which the discarnate attain and to which those [whose bodies] are resolved into primary-matter attain,

i. 20 [Concentration not conscious of objects,] which follows upon belief [and] energy [and] mindfulness [and] concentration [and] insight, is that to which the others [the yogins] attain,

i. 21 For the keenly intense, [concentration] is near.

i. 22 Because [this keenness] is gentle or moderate or keen, there is a [concentration] superior even to this [near kind],

i. 23 Or [concentration] is attained by devotion to the Içvara.

Analysis of the highest Self

i. 24-28.   Unique quality of the highest Self; proof of His existence; His temporal priority; His symbolical realization.

i. 24 Untouched by hindrances or karmas or fruition or by latent-deposits, the Içvara is a special kind of Self.

i. 25 In this [Içvara] the germ of the omniscient is at its utmost excellence,

i. 26 Teacher of the Primal [Sages] also, forasmuch as [with Him] there is no limitation by time,

i. 27 The word-expressing Him is the Mystic-syllable, i. 28 Repetition of it and reflection upon its meaning [should be made].

 

Obstacles to the calming of the mind-stuff

i. 29-34. The inner sense is exposed to distractions which may be over­come by focusing the mind; by the cultivation of sentiments; one may also practice breathings.

i. 29 Thereafter comes the right-knowledge of him who thinks in an inverse way, and the removal of obstacles,

i. 30 Sickness and languor and doubt and heedlessness and worldliness and erroneous perception and failure to attain any stage [of concentration] and instability in the state [when attained]—these distractions of the mind-stuff are the obstacles,

i. 31 Pain and despondency and unsteadiness of the body and inspiration and expiration are the accompaniments of the distractions,

i. 32 To check them [let there be] practice upon a single entity,

i. 33 By the cultivation of friendliness towards happiness, and compassion towards pain, and joy towards merit, and indifference towards demerit,

i. 34 Or [the yogin attains the undisturbed calm of the mind-stuff] by expulsion and retention of breath.

Attainment of Stability

i. 35-39.  Suitable objects for fixed-attention and contemplation.

i. 35 Or [he gains stability when] a sense-activity arises connected with an object [and] bringing the central-organ into a relation of stability,

i. 36 Or an undistressed [and] luminous [sense-activity when arisen brings the central-organ into a relation of stability],

i. 37 Or the mind-stuff [reaches the stable state] by having as its object [a mind-stuff] freed from passion,

i 38 Or [the mind-stuff reaches the stable state] by having as the supporting-object a perception in dream or in sleep, i. 39 Or [the mind-stuff reaches the stable state] by contemplation upon any such an object as is desired.

Mastery and concentration

i. 4O-47. Classification of concentration with reference to different single objects or absence of objects, or to the mental act, or to a fusion of object and knower.

i. 40 His mastery extends from the smallest atom to the greatest magnitude,

i. 41 [The mind-stuff} from which, as from a precious gem, fluctuations have dwindled away, reaches the balanced-state, which, in the case of the knower or of the process-of-knowing or of the object-to-be-known, is in the state of resting upon [one] of these [three] and in the state of being tinged by [one] of these [three].

i. 42 Of [these balanced-states] the state-balanced with deliberation is confused by reason of predicate-relations between words and intended-objects and

ideas,

i. 43 When the memory is quite purified, [that balanced-state]— which is, as it were, empty of itself and which brightens [into conscious knowledge] as the intended-object and nothing more—is super-deliberative.

i. 44 By this same [balanced-state] the reflective and the super-reflective [balanced-states] are also explained,

i. 45 The subtile object also terminates in unresoluble-primary-matter (alinga).

i. 46 These same [balanced-states] are the seeded concentration,

i. 47 When there is the clearness of the super-reflective [balanced-state, the yogin gains] internal undisturbed calm.

Normative insight

i. 48-51.   After-effects of concentrated insight efface after-effects of con­centration upon objects.

i. 48 In this [concentrated mind-stuff] the insight is truth-bearing,

i. 49 Has another object than the insight resulting from things heard or from inferences, inasmuch as its intended-object is a particular,

 i. 50 The subliminal-impression produced by this [super-reflective balanced-state] is hostile to other subliminal-impressions,

i. 51 When this [subliminal-impression] also is restricted, since all is restricted, [the yogin gains] seedless concentration.

 

BOOK SECOND—MEANS OF ATTAINMENT

 

Devices for weakening hindrances

ii. 1-11.   Aids serviceable to the beginner who is on the path to con­centration.

ii. 1 Self-castigation and study and devotion to the Içvara are the Yoga of action,

ii. 2 For the cultivation of concentration and for the attenuation of the hindrances,

ii. 3 Undifferentiated-consciousness (avidya) and the feeling-of-personality and passion and aversion and the will-to-live are the five hindrances,

ii. 4 Undifferentiated-consciousness is the field for the others whether they be dormant or attenuated or intercepted or sustained,

ii. 5 The recognition of the permanent, of the pure, of pleasure, and of a self in what is impermanent, impure, pain, and not-self is Undifferentiated-consciousness (avidya).

ii. 6 When the power of seeing and the power by which one sees have the appearance of being a single self, [this is] the feeling-of-personality.

ii 7 Passion is that which dwells upon pleasure,

ii. 8 Aversion is that which dwells upon pain.

ii. 9 The will-to-live sweeping on [by the force of] its own nature exists in this form even in the wise.

ii. 10 These [hindrances when they have become subtile] are to be escaped by the inverse-propagation,

ii. 11 The fluctuations of these should be escaped by means of contemplation.

Karma

ii. 12-14.    Origin of karma in hindrances; result of karma in state-of-existence, length of life, and pleasure or pain.

ii. 12 The latent-deposit of karma has its root in the hindrances and may be felt in a birth seen or in a birth unseen, ii. 13 So long as the root exists, there will be fruition from it [that is] birth [and] length-of-life [and] kind-of-experience.

ii. 14 These [fruitions] have joy or extreme anguish as results in accordance with the quality of their causes whether merit or demerit.

 

All is pain

ii. 15. Present and future and past correlations with objects result un­avoidably in pain.

ii. 15 As being the pains which are mutations and anxieties and subliminal-impressions, and by reason of the opposition of the fluctuations of the aspects (guna),—to the discriminating all is nothing but pain.

There is an escape

ii. 16. Only yogins are sensitive to future pain. This may be avoided in that it has not expressed itself in actual suffering.

ii. 16 That which is to be escaped is pain yet to come.

Cause of pain

ii, 17-24. The Seer-sight relation implies 1. complexes of potential stresses between aspects (guna) and between sense-organs and elements, 2. the power of the Seer who is undefiled by aspects, 3. the actual correla­tion until the purpose of the Seer, which is to differentiate consciousness, is completed.

ii. 17 The correlation of the Seer and the object-of-sight is the cause of that which is to be escaped,

ii. 18 With a disposition to brightness and to activity and to inertia, and with the elements and the organs as its essence, and with its purpose the experience and the liberation [of the Self],—this is the object-of-sight.

ii. 19 The particularized and the unparticularized [forms] and the resoluble only [into primary matter] and irresoluble-primary-matter—are the divisions of the aspects (guna).

ii. 20 The Seer who is nothing but [the power of seeing], although undefiled (Buddha), looks upon the presented idea.

ii. 21 The object-of-sight is only for the sake of it [the Self], ii. 22 Though it has ceased [to be seen] in the case of one whose purpose is accomplished, it has not ceased to be, since it is common to others [besides himself], ii. 23 The reason for the apperception of what the power of the property and of what the power of the proprietor are, is correlation,

ii. 24 The reason for this [correlation] is undifferentiated-consciousness (avidya).

 

The escape

ii. 25.   Positive state of Isolation follows the ending of the correlation.

ii. 25 Since this [non-sight] does not exist, there is no correlation. This is the escape, the Isolation of the Seer.

Means of escape

ii. 26-27.   The act of discrimination leading up to the act of insight.

ii. 26 The means of attaining escape is unwavering discriminative discernment,

ii. 27 For him [there is] insight sevenfold and advancing in stages to the highest.

Eight aids to yoga

ii. 28-29.    To purify the aspects and to intensify intuitive thinking there are five indirect aids and three direct aids.

ii. 28 After the aids to yoga have been followed up, when the impurity has dwindled, there is an enlightenment of perception reaching up to the discriminative discernment,

ii. 29 Abstentions and observances and postures and regulations-of-the-breath and withdrawal-of-the-senses and fixed-attention and contemplation and concentration.

First indirect aid:  i. Five abstentions

ii. 30-31.   The elements and degrees of morality in the form of prohibi­tions.

ii. 30 Abstinence from injury and from falsehood and from theft and from incontinence and from acceptance of gifts are the abstentions,  

ii. 31 When they are unqualified by species or place or time or exigency and when [covering] all [these] classes—there is the Great Course-of-conduct.

Second indirect aid:  ii. Five observances

ii. 32.   Advances in morality in the form of voluntary action.

ii. 32 Cleanliness and contentment and self-castigation and study and devotion to the Içvara are the observances.

Results of the abstentions and observances

ii. 33-45.   Persistent inhibitions of certain kinds reorganize an increase of activity of the opposite kind.

ii. 33 If there be inhibition by perverse-considerations, there should be cultivation of the opposites.

ii. 84 Since perverse-considerations such as injuries, whether done or caused to be done or approved, whether ensuing upon greed or anger or infatuation, whether mild or moderate or vehement, find their unending consequences in pain and lack of thinking, there should be the cultivation of their opposites.

ii. 35 As soon as he is grounded in abstinence from injury, his presence begets-a suspension of enmity,

ii. 36 As soon as he is grounded in abstinence from falsehood, actions and consequences depend upon him.

ii. 37 As soon as he is grounded in abstinence from theft, all jewels approach him.

ii. 38 As soon as he is grounded in abstinence from incontinence, he acquires energy,

ii. 39 As soon as he is established in abstinence from acceptance of gifts, a thorough illumination upon the conditions of birth,

ii. 40 As a result of cleanliness there is disgust at one's own body and no intercourse with others,

ii. 41 Purity of sattva and gentleness and singleness-of-intent and subjugation of the senses and fitness for the sight of the self.

ii. 42 As a result of contentment there is an acquisition of superlative pleasure,

ii. 43 Perfection in the body and in the organs after impurity has dwindled as a result of self-castigation.

ii. 44 As a result of study there is communion with the chosen deity,

ii. 45 Perfection of concentration as a result of devotion to the Içvara.

Third indirect aid:  iii. Postures

ii. 46-48.    Bodily conditions favourable to concentration.

ii. 46 Stable-and-easy posture,

ii. 47 By relaxation of effort or by a [mental] state-of-balance with reference to Ananta.

ii. 48 Thereafter he is unassailed by extremes.

Fourth indirect aid:  iv. Restraint of the breath

ii. 49-52.    Calming of affective states is favourable to concentration.

ii. 49 When there is [stability of posture], the restraint of breath, a cutting off of the flow of inspiration and expiration, follows,

ii. 50 [This is] external or internal or suppressed in fluctuation and is regulated by place and time and number and is protracted and subtile,

ii. 51 The fourth [restraint of the breath] transcends the external and the internal object,

ii. 52 As a result of this the covering of the light dwindles away.

Fifth indirect aid: v. Withdrawal of the sense-organs

ii. 53-55.   The span of attention is confined to an inner object.

ii. 53 For fixed-attentions also the central organ becomes fit.

ii. 54 The withdrawal of the senses is as it were the imitation of the mind-stuff as it is in itself on the part of the organs by disjoining themselves from their object,

ii. 55 As a result of this [withdrawal] there is a complete-mastery of the organs.

 

BOOK THIRD-SUPERNORMAL POWERS

 

First direct aid:  vi. Fixed-attention

iii. 1.   The knower focuses the process of knowing upon the object to be known.

iii. 1 Binding the mind-stuff to a place is fixed-attention.

Second direct aid:  vii. Contemplation

iii. 2.   A two-term relation between the process of knowing and the object to be known.

iii. 2 Focusedness of the presented idea upon that [place] is con­templation.

Third direct aid:  viii. Concentration

iii. 3.   A fusion of the knower and the process of knowing with the object to be known.

iii. 3 This same [contemplation], shining forth [in consciousness] as the intended object and nothing more, and, as it were, emptied of itself, is concentration.

Transition to seedless concentration

iii. 4-10. The direct aids in combination result in insight and restricted subliminal-impressions and the calm flow of the mind-stuff.

iii. 4 The three in one are constraint,

iii. 5 As a result of mastering this constraint, there follows the shining forth of insight,

iii. 6 Its application is by stages,

iii. 7 The three are direct aids in comparison with the previous [five],

iii. 8 Even these [three] are indirect aids to seedless [concentration],

iii. 9 When there is a becoming invisible of the subliminal-impression of emergence and a becoming visible of the subliminal-impression of restriction, the mutation of restriction is inseparably connected with mind-stuff in its period of restriction,

iii. 10 This [mind-stuff] flows peacefully by reason of the subliminal-impression.

Mutations of substances

iii. 11-15. In the focused state the concentration holds two time-forms within the span of attention. Mutations are in fixed orders of subliminal-impressions in the restricted state.

iii. 11 The mutation of concentration is the dwindling of dispersiveness and the uprisal of singleness-of-intent belonging to the mind-stuff,

iii. 12 Then again when the quiescent and the uprisen presented-ideas are similar [in respect of having a single object], the mind-stuff has a mutation single-in-intent,

iii. 13 Thus with regard to elements and to organs, mutations of .external-aspect and of time-variation and of intensity have been enumerated,

iii. 14 A substance conforms itself to quiescent and uprisen and indeterminable external-aspects,

iii. 15 The order of the sequence is the reason for the order of the mutations.

 

Application of constraints to different orders of mutations

iii. 16-52.    Given a single mutation of external-aspect or time-form or in­tensity, the whole sequence comes under control of the concentrated insight.

iii 16 As a result of constraint upon the three mutations [there follows] the knowledge of the past and the future,  

iii. 17 Word and intended-object and presented-idea are confused  because  they are erroneously identified with each other.    By constraint upon the distinctions between them [there arises the intuitive] knowledge of the cries of all living beings,  

iii. 18 As a result of direct perception of subliminal-impressions there is [intuitive] knowledge of previous births,   

iii. 19 [As a result of constraint] upon a presented-idea [there arises intuitive] knowledge of the mind-stuff of another,    iii. 20 But [the intuitive knowledge of the mind-stuff of another] does not have that [idea] together with that upon which it depends [as its object], since that [upon which it depends] is not-in-the-field  [of consciousness],

iii. 21 As a result of constraint upon the [outer] form of the body, when its power to be known id stopped, then as a consequence of the disjunction of the light and of the eye there follows indiscernibility [of the yogin's body],  

iii. 22 Advancing and not-advancing is karma; as a result of constraint upon this [two­fold karma]   or from the signs of death [there arises an intuitive] knowledge of the latter end.  

iii. 23 [As a result of constraint] upon friendliness and other [sentiments there arise] powers [of friendliness],

iii. 24 [As a result of constraint] upon powers [there arise] powers like those  of   an   elephant,  

iii. 25 As a result of   casting  the light  of a sense-activity [there arises the intuitive] knowledge  of the subtile and the concealed and the obscure,   

iii. 26 As a result of constraint upon the sun [there arises the intuitive] knowledge of the cosmic-spaces,

iii. 27 [As  a result of constraint] upon the moon [there arises the intuitive] knowledge of the arrangement of the stars, 

iii. 28 [As a result of constraint] upon the pole-star [there arises the intuitive] knowledge of their movements,   

iii. 29 [As a result of constraint] upon the wheel of the navel [there arises the intuitive] knowledge of the arrangement of the body.  

iii. 30 [As a result of constraint] upon the well of the throat [there follows] the cessation of hunger and thirst   

iii. 31 [As a result of constraint] upon the tortoise-tube [there follows] motionless-ness of the mind-stuff,   

iii. 32 [As a result of constraint] upon the radiance in the head [there follows] the sight of the Siddhas.   

iii. 33 Or as a result of vividness the yogin discerns all.   

iii. 34 [As a result of constraint] upon the heart [there arises] a consciousness of the mind-stuff,

iii 35 Experience is a presented-idea which fails to distinguish the sattva and the Self, which are absolutely uncommingled [in the presented-idea]. Since the sattva exists as object for another, the [intuitive] knowledge of the Self arises as the result of constraint upon that which exists for its own sake.   

iii. 36 As a result of this [constraint upon that which exists for its own sake], there arise vividness and the organ-of-[supernal]-hearing and the organ-of-[supernal]-touch and the organ-of-[supernal]-sight and the organ-of-[supernal]-taste and the organ-of-[supernal]-smell.

iii. 37 In concentration these [supernal activities] are obstacles; in the emergent state they are perfections (siddhi).

 iii. 38 As a result of slacken­ing the causes of bondage and as a result of the knowledge of the procedure [of the mind-stuff], the mind-stuff penetrates into the body of another,

 iii. 39 As a result of mastering the Udana there is no adhesion to water or mud or thorns or similar objects, and [at death] the upward flight,

iii. 40 As a result of mastering the Samana [there arises] a radiance,

iii. 41 As a result of constraint upon the relation between the organ-of-hearing and the air, [there arises] the supernal-organ-of-hearing.   

iii. 42 Either as a result of constraint upon the relation between the body and the air, or as a result of the balanced-state of lightness, such as that of cotton-fibre, there follows the passing through air.   

iii. 43 An outwardly unadjusted fluctuation is the Great Discarnate; as a result of this the dwindling of the covering to the brightness,   

iii. 44 As a result of con­straint upon the coarse and the essential-attribute and the subtile and the inherence and purposiveness, there is a mastery of the elements,

iii. 45 As a result of this, atomization and the other [perfections] come about, [there is] perfection of body; and there is no obstruction by the properties of these [elements],   

iii. 46 Beauty and grace and power and compactness of the thunderbolt,—[this is] perfection of body.  

iii. 47 As a result of constraint upon the process-of-knowing and the essential-attribute   and   the   feeling-of-personality  and  the inherence  and   the purposiveness, [there follows] the subjugation of the organs,   

iii. 48 As a result of this [there follows] speed [great as that] of the central-organ, action of the instruments [of knowledge] disjunct [from the body], and the subjugation of the primary-cause,   

iii. 49 He who has only the full discernment into the difference between the sattva and the Self is one who has authority over all states-of-existence and is one who knows all.  

iii. 50 As a result of passionlessness even with regard to these [perfections]  there follows,  after the dwindling of the seeds  of the defects, Isolation,   

iii. 61 In case of invitations from  those-in-high-places,  these   should   arouse  no attachment  or pride,  for   undesired consequences recur,   

iii. 62 As a result of constraint upon moments and their sequence [there arises the intuitive] knowledge proceeding from discrimination.

Culmination of concentration

iii. 53-55. The particular which is indiscernible in respect of class or term or point-in-space is intuitively discerned; the widest span of objec­tivity is also discerned. This is the attainment of Isolation.

iii. 53 As a result of this there arises the deeper-knowledge of two equivalent things which cannot be distinctly qualified in species or characteristic-mark or point-of-space.

iii. 54 The [intuitive] knowledge proceeding from discrimination is a deliverer, has all things as its object, and has all times for its object, and is an [inclusive whole] without sequence,

iii. 55 When the purity of the sattva and of the Self are equal there is Isolation.

 

BOOK FOURTH—ISOLATION

Substances and subconsciousness

iv. 1-13.    Correspondence between imperceptible forms of substance and

latent-impressions of concentrated states.

iv. 1 Perfections proceed from birth   or  from drugs or from spells or from self-castigation or from concentration,   iv. 2 The mutation into another birth is the result of  the filling in of the evolving-cause.

iv. 3 The efficient  cause gives no impulse to the evolving-causes but [the mutation] follows when the barrier [to the evolving-cause] is cut, as happens with the peasant,   

iv. 4 Created mind-stuffs may result from the sense-of-personality and from this alone,   

iv. 5 "While there is a variety of actions, the mind-stuff which impels the many is one. 

iv. 6 Of these [five perfections] that which proceeds from contemplation leaves no latent-deposit,   

iv. 7 The yogin's karma is neither-white-nor-black; [the karma] of others is of three kinds,  

iv. 8 As a result of this there follows the manifestation of those subconscious-impressions only which correspond to the fruition of their [karma],   

iv. 9 There is an uninterrupted-causal-relation [of subconscious-impressions], although remote in species and point-of-space and moment-of-time, by reason of the correspondence between memory and subliminal-impressions,  

iv. 10 Furthermore the [subconscious-impressions] have no beginning [that we can set in time],   since desire is permanent,   

iv. 11 Since [sub­conscious-impressions] are associated with cause and motive and mental-substrate and stimulus, if these cease to be, then those [subconscious-impressions] cease to be.  

iv. 12 Past and future as such exist; [therefore subconscious-impressions do not cease to be].    For the different time-forms belong  to the external-aspects,   

iv. 13 These [external-aspects with the three time-forms] are phenomenalized [individuals] or subtile [generic-forms] and their essence is the aspects (guna).

Polemic against Idealism

iv. 14-23. Knowledge of the stream of consciousness is impossible unless it be a permanent order as contrasted with a succession of transient appearances.

iv. 14 The that-ness of a thing is due to a singleness of mutation.

iv. 15. Because, while the [physical] thing remains the same, the mind-stuffs are different, [therefore the two are upon] distinct levels-of-existence,

iv. 16 And a thing is not dependent upon a single mind-stuff, [for then in certain cases] it could not be proved [by that mind-stuff], [and] then what would it be?

iv. 17 A thing is known or not known by virtue of its affecting [or not affecting] the mind-stuff,

iv. 18 Unintermittently the Master of that [mind-stuff] knows the fluctuations of mind-stuff [and thus] the Self undergoes-no-mutations.

iv. 19 It does not illumine itself, since it is an object-for-sight.

iv. 20 And there cannot be a cognition of both [thinking-substance and thing] at the same time.

iv. 21 If [one mind-stuff] were the object-for-sight for another, there would be an infinite regress from one thinking-substance to another thinking-substance as well as confusion of memory,

iv. 22 The Intellect (citi)  which unites not [with objects] is conscious of its own thinking-substance when [the mind-stuff] takes the form of that [thinking-substance by reflecting it],

iv. 23 Mind-stuff affected by the Seer and by the object-for-sight [leads to the perception of] all intended-objects.

Complete Self-realization of the Self

iv. 24-34. All hindrances subside; all acts of the Self are spontaneous and free; absence of limitations which thwart one who wishes to attain the ultimate ideal of his own nature.

iv. 24 This [mind-stuff], although diversified by countless subconscious-impressions, exists for the sake of another, because its nature is to produce [things as] combinations,

iv. 25 For him who sees the distinction, pondering upon his own states-of-being ceases,

iv. 26 Then the mind-stuff is borne down to discrimination, onward towards Isolation,

iv. 27 In the intervals of this [mind-stuff] there are other presented-ideas [coming] from subliminal-impressions,

iv. 28 The escape from these [subliminal-impressions] is described as being like [the escape from] the hindrances,

iv. 29 For one who is not usurious even in respect of Elevation, there follows in every case as a result of discriminative discernment the concentration [called] Rain-cloud of [knowable] things,

iv. 30 Then follows the cessation of the hindrances and of karma, iv; 31 Then, because of the endlessness of knowledge from which all obscuring defilements have passed away, what is yet to be known amounts to little,

iv. 32 When as a result of this the aspects (guna) have fulfilled their purpose, they attain to the limit of the sequence of mutations,

iv. 33 The positive correlate to the moment, recognized as such at the final limit of the mutation, is a sequence,

iv. 34 Isolation is the inverse generation of the aspects, no longer provided with a purpose by the Self, or it is the Energy of Intellect grounded in itself.


 

 

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